Article 1 – Acids in the body (C6)
Why do we need acid to digest food?
Why are acids made as waste products when we exercise?
What is the active ingredient in an antacid?
What is the pH of an acid, a neutral solution and an alkali? What colour would you expect each to turn in UI?
Give an example of an acidic compound which is solid, one which is liquid and one which is a gas (at room temperature).
What is the main hazard symbol used on containers containing acid?
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) are both compounds containing carbonate. Carbonate ions have a charge of -2. Explain why the formulae of these two compounds contain different numbers of metal ions.
What is the balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, for hydrochloric acid and magnesium carbonate?
What is the balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate?
Which salts are formed from a reactions between: sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide; nitric acid and calcium hydroxide; hydrochloric cid and potassium hydroxide. Write balanced equations for each reaction.
Explain neutralisation in terms of ions, using an ionic equation and state symbols.
Calculate the relative formula mass of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Why is our blood usually slightly alkaline?
What patterns are there in the data?
Can you predict the time taken to produce 5cm3 gas at an acid concentration of 60g/dm3
How many cm3 are there in a dm3?
Is there enough data for you to draw a conclusion?
What further data could be useful in strengthening the conclusion?
Use the collision theory to explain why the time taken to produce the gas was different at different concentrations.
How could the experiment be improved to make the results more accurate?
How could the experiment be improved to make the results more reliable?
List the side effects that are experienced when taking the antacids. Is it worth suffering from these? Explain your answer.
Article 2 – help for patients with kidney failure (B4)
What is homeostasis?
Give example of two physical situations which affect homeostasis.
Why is it important that the amount of water in our body is regulated?
Explain the terms diffusion, osmosis, partially permeable membrane and active transport.
List how are body gains water and how it loses water?
What organs other than the kidney will excrete water?
What are the main constituents of urine of a healthy person at rest?
What factors can affect the concentration of urine?
Which hormone controls water balance? Where is it produced? What is the effector organ where it works?
Explain the negative feedback process which controls the concentration of urine
Explain how alcohol affects the concentration of urine? Does ecstasy have the same effect? Explain your answer.
Explain how exercise would affect the concentration of urine.
What percentage of the UK population develop chronic kidney failure a year?
What is the maximum number of times a dialysis machine could be used in a week?
By what process do chemical wastes pass from the blood into the dialysis fluid? Why do proteins not pass out o the blood? What would the presence of protein in the urine indicate?
Suggest reasons why different patients might require different numbers of dialysis sessions
Give two reasons for and two reasons against kidney transplants
A data question would be useful to explain why certain substances present in the blood and in the urine in different amounts
Article 3 – A time-line of scientific discoveries about light (P6)
Note: This article could be supported by demonstrations using a ripple tank.
Draw a horizontal time-line which is roughly to scale, which includes the names of the scientists and the year of their discovery. Add the main points about their work.
List the colours of the visible spectrum in order
What colour would a red object appear through a blue filter and why?
List the types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum in order. Think of one main use of each type of radiation.
Explain how light is refracted. Draw a diagram to help you
Explain why different colours are refracted at different angles
Draw a diagram of a transverse waveform. Label the amplitude and wavelength accurately
Is light a particle or a wave? List the evidence for both theories.
List the different types of electromagnetic waves in order of wavelength.
In what ways are sound waves different from light waves?
Explain the terms reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference. Draw diagrams to help you.
Give three pieces of evidence that you would use to convince someone that the radiations of the electromagnetic spectrum behave like waves. Explain your choices of evidence.
How far would an electromagnetic wave travel in a vacuum in one minute?
How long does it take a radio signal to travel from the UK to New Zealand which is 18,000 km away?Suggest three reasons why ideas about light and how light travels have changed over the years.
This is where you will find the additional specification that will help with your revision
http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/gcse/science_twentyfirst_century_science_a_additional_science/index.html
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