Article 1 – Acids in the body (C6)
Why do we need acid to digest food?
Why are acids made as waste products when we exercise?
What is the active ingredient in an antacid?
What is the pH of an acid, a neutral solution and an alkali? What colour would you expect each to turn in UI?
Give an example of an acidic compound which is solid, one which is liquid and one which is a gas (at room temperature).
What is the main hazard symbol used on containers containing acid?
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) are both compounds containing carbonate. Carbonate ions have a charge of -2. Explain why the formulae of these two compounds contain different numbers of metal ions.
What is the balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, for hydrochloric acid and magnesium carbonate?
What is the balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate?
Which salts are formed from a reactions between: sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide; nitric acid and calcium hydroxide; hydrochloric cid and potassium hydroxide. Write balanced equations for each reaction.
Explain neutralisation in terms of ions, using an ionic equation and state symbols.
Calculate the relative formula mass of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Why is our blood usually slightly alkaline?
What patterns are there in the data?
Can you predict the time taken to produce 5cm3 gas at an acid concentration of 60g/dm3
How many cm3 are there in a dm3?
Is there enough data for you to draw a conclusion?
What further data could be useful in strengthening the conclusion?
Use the collision theory to explain why the time taken to produce the gas was different at different concentrations.
How could the experiment be improved to make the results more accurate?
How could the experiment be improved to make the results more reliable?
List the side effects that are experienced when taking the antacids. Is it worth suffering from these? Explain your answer.
Article 2 – help for patients with kidney failure (B4)
What is homeostasis?
Give example of two physical situations which affect homeostasis.
Why is it important that the amount of water in our body is regulated?
Explain the terms diffusion, osmosis, partially permeable membrane and active transport.
List how are body gains water and how it loses water?
What organs other than the kidney will excrete water?
What are the main constituents of urine of a healthy person at rest?
What factors can affect the concentration of urine?
Which hormone controls water balance? Where is it produced? What is the effector organ where it works?
Explain the negative feedback process which controls the concentration of urine
Explain how alcohol affects the concentration of urine? Does ecstasy have the same effect? Explain your answer.
Explain how exercise would affect the concentration of urine.
What percentage of the UK population develop chronic kidney failure a year?
What is the maximum number of times a dialysis machine could be used in a week?
By what process do chemical wastes pass from the blood into the dialysis fluid? Why do proteins not pass out o the blood? What would the presence of protein in the urine indicate?
Suggest reasons why different patients might require different numbers of dialysis sessions
Give two reasons for and two reasons against kidney transplants
A data question would be useful to explain why certain substances present in the blood and in the urine in different amounts
Article 3 – A time-line of scientific discoveries about light (P6)
Note: This article could be supported by demonstrations using a ripple tank.
Draw a horizontal time-line which is roughly to scale, which includes the names of the scientists and the year of their discovery. Add the main points about their work.
List the colours of the visible spectrum in order
What colour would a red object appear through a blue filter and why?
List the types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum in order. Think of one main use of each type of radiation.
Explain how light is refracted. Draw a diagram to help you
Explain why different colours are refracted at different angles
Draw a diagram of a transverse waveform. Label the amplitude and wavelength accurately
Is light a particle or a wave? List the evidence for both theories.
List the different types of electromagnetic waves in order of wavelength.
In what ways are sound waves different from light waves?
Explain the terms reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference. Draw diagrams to help you.
Give three pieces of evidence that you would use to convince someone that the radiations of the electromagnetic spectrum behave like waves. Explain your choices of evidence.
How far would an electromagnetic wave travel in a vacuum in one minute?
How long does it take a radio signal to travel from the UK to New Zealand which is 18,000 km away?Suggest three reasons why ideas about light and how light travels have changed over the years.
This is where you will find the additional specification that will help with your revision
http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/gcse/science_twentyfirst_century_science_a_additional_science/index.html
Tuesday 28 April 2009
(A214) Ideas in context Core science exam
Here are some questions for the core ideas in context exam (A214)
It is essential that students are familiar with HSW vocabulary
Article 1 – B2: Does homeopathy really work?
Explain the theory of how homeopathy works? (3)
Do homeopathic doctors have any evidence that homeopathy works? (3, 4)
Is there any evidence that homeopathy has side effects? (3, 5)
What is meant by the term ‘peer review’? (4)
Why do conventional doctors mean by ‘the placebo effect’? (3, 4)
What could be done to show that homeopathic effects are such a ‘placebo effect’? (4, 6)
Do conventional doctors accept homeopathic remedies? Explain your answer? (3, 4)
What similarities and differences are there between the ways conventional medicines and homeopathic remedies are tested for their effectiveness? (4, 6)
What similarities and differences are there between the ways conventional medicines and homeopathic remedies are tested for their safety? (4, 5, 6)
What further information is needed to show the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies? (4, 5, 6)
Homeopathic doctors say there is ‘a correlation’ between patients getting better and receiving treatment. What do they mean by this? Give an everyday example of correlation and cause (2)
Suggest reasons why homeopaths might be reluctant to give up their explanation? (4)
Suggest what ethical issues might arise from the use of homeopathic medicines? (6)
Suggest reasons why conventional doctors might be reluctant to accept homeopathic treatments. (4, 6)
Article 2 – C1: Carbon monoxide – the invisible killer
What is the effect of high concentrations of carbon monoxide on human health? (5)
What are the effects of lower concentrations of carbon monoxide on human health? (5)
What is the scientific explanation for the harmful effects of carbon monoxide? (5)
What can home-owners do to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning in their homes? (5, 6)
List the main sources of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
What steps have been/are being taken to reduce carbon monoxide emissions from a) traffic, b) domestic usage (5, 6)
Describe the pattern from the graph showing emissions of carbon monoxide from houses. Use data in your description (1)
Compare the emissions of carbon monoxide from houses and traffic over time. Use data in your comparison (1)
Is there a correlation between the two graphs? Explain our answer? (1,2)
Can you suggest reasons for the patters shown in a) the traffic graph, b) the domestic graph? Use data to support our answer (1,2)
Suggest reasons why the data presented in the graph may be inaccurate? (1)
What other information do you need to be able to evaluate the data for accuracy and reliability? (1)
Suggest how developments in technology might effect carbon monoxide emissions in the future? Give reasons for your answer (6)
Suggest four ways that atmospheric pollution caused by exhaust emissions might be reduced in the future? (6)
What does the Government currently do to enforce the reduction of exhaust emissions? (5)
Article 3 – P2: The risk from microwave radiation
Use the data to compare the output of microwave radiation from mobile phone masts, mobile phones themselves and wireless network transmitters. Put them in order of output. Which do you think poses the greatest risk to human health? Why? (1)
What are the possible risks to human health of low level microwave radiations? (5)
What is the scientific evidence that low level microwave radiation can have such harmful effects? Is it reliable? Explain your answer (1, 5)
Is there sufficient evidence to justify schools switching off wireless computer networks? Would you recommend collection of further evidence? If so, what might this be? (1, 5)
Can you apply the ALARA principle to the use of wireless networks in schools? Explain your answer (5)
What evidence is there that mobile phone masts are harmful? Is this evidence reliable? What further evidence might be needed? (1, 5, 6)
What is meant by the term ‘double-blind trial’? (4)
What was the outcome of the ‘double-blind trial?
Is the evidence from the ‘double blind trial’ more reliable than from the first study? Explain your answer (4)
Is it important that the results from the trial are published in a scientific journal? Explain your answer (4)
Who funded this trial? Explain the advantages and disadvantages for the involvement of each of the funding bodies (4, 6)
In your view are the alleged health risks of microwave radiation from mobile phone masts, mobile phones themselves and wireless network transmitters real or perceived? Explain your answer, giving an example (from the article) of a related perceived risk and a related actual risk (5)
Why do you think schools are unwilling to accept the alleged health risks of network transmitters (use the term the ‘precautionary principle’ in your answer) (5)
Use the link below to look up the specification. it can help you with the ideas in context content
http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/gcse/science_twentyfirst_century_science_a/index.html
It is essential that students are familiar with HSW vocabulary
Article 1 – B2: Does homeopathy really work?
Explain the theory of how homeopathy works? (3)
Do homeopathic doctors have any evidence that homeopathy works? (3, 4)
Is there any evidence that homeopathy has side effects? (3, 5)
What is meant by the term ‘peer review’? (4)
Why do conventional doctors mean by ‘the placebo effect’? (3, 4)
What could be done to show that homeopathic effects are such a ‘placebo effect’? (4, 6)
Do conventional doctors accept homeopathic remedies? Explain your answer? (3, 4)
What similarities and differences are there between the ways conventional medicines and homeopathic remedies are tested for their effectiveness? (4, 6)
What similarities and differences are there between the ways conventional medicines and homeopathic remedies are tested for their safety? (4, 5, 6)
What further information is needed to show the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies? (4, 5, 6)
Homeopathic doctors say there is ‘a correlation’ between patients getting better and receiving treatment. What do they mean by this? Give an everyday example of correlation and cause (2)
Suggest reasons why homeopaths might be reluctant to give up their explanation? (4)
Suggest what ethical issues might arise from the use of homeopathic medicines? (6)
Suggest reasons why conventional doctors might be reluctant to accept homeopathic treatments. (4, 6)
Article 2 – C1: Carbon monoxide – the invisible killer
What is the effect of high concentrations of carbon monoxide on human health? (5)
What are the effects of lower concentrations of carbon monoxide on human health? (5)
What is the scientific explanation for the harmful effects of carbon monoxide? (5)
What can home-owners do to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning in their homes? (5, 6)
List the main sources of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
What steps have been/are being taken to reduce carbon monoxide emissions from a) traffic, b) domestic usage (5, 6)
Describe the pattern from the graph showing emissions of carbon monoxide from houses. Use data in your description (1)
Compare the emissions of carbon monoxide from houses and traffic over time. Use data in your comparison (1)
Is there a correlation between the two graphs? Explain our answer? (1,2)
Can you suggest reasons for the patters shown in a) the traffic graph, b) the domestic graph? Use data to support our answer (1,2)
Suggest reasons why the data presented in the graph may be inaccurate? (1)
What other information do you need to be able to evaluate the data for accuracy and reliability? (1)
Suggest how developments in technology might effect carbon monoxide emissions in the future? Give reasons for your answer (6)
Suggest four ways that atmospheric pollution caused by exhaust emissions might be reduced in the future? (6)
What does the Government currently do to enforce the reduction of exhaust emissions? (5)
Article 3 – P2: The risk from microwave radiation
Use the data to compare the output of microwave radiation from mobile phone masts, mobile phones themselves and wireless network transmitters. Put them in order of output. Which do you think poses the greatest risk to human health? Why? (1)
What are the possible risks to human health of low level microwave radiations? (5)
What is the scientific evidence that low level microwave radiation can have such harmful effects? Is it reliable? Explain your answer (1, 5)
Is there sufficient evidence to justify schools switching off wireless computer networks? Would you recommend collection of further evidence? If so, what might this be? (1, 5)
Can you apply the ALARA principle to the use of wireless networks in schools? Explain your answer (5)
What evidence is there that mobile phone masts are harmful? Is this evidence reliable? What further evidence might be needed? (1, 5, 6)
What is meant by the term ‘double-blind trial’? (4)
What was the outcome of the ‘double-blind trial?
Is the evidence from the ‘double blind trial’ more reliable than from the first study? Explain your answer (4)
Is it important that the results from the trial are published in a scientific journal? Explain your answer (4)
Who funded this trial? Explain the advantages and disadvantages for the involvement of each of the funding bodies (4, 6)
In your view are the alleged health risks of microwave radiation from mobile phone masts, mobile phones themselves and wireless network transmitters real or perceived? Explain your answer, giving an example (from the article) of a related perceived risk and a related actual risk (5)
Why do you think schools are unwilling to accept the alleged health risks of network transmitters (use the term the ‘precautionary principle’ in your answer) (5)
Use the link below to look up the specification. it can help you with the ideas in context content
http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/gcse/science_twentyfirst_century_science_a/index.html
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